As stated by the Norwegian Refugee Council, women experience the loss of HLP rights at every stage of displacement. Therefore, the inclusion of women in efforts to address HLP rights and tenure security issues is critically important for CCCM programming to ensure that services, information, and protection are equitably provided to populations that CCCM practitioners aim to serve. Women’s HLP rights and tenure security are particularly important for CCCM practice to prevent and address GBV and child protection issues, ensuring security after camp closure and transition, establishing support in the event of an eviction, safely resolving disputes or acquiring rights in return or replacement contexts, and coordinating referral services and connection with humanitarian organizations.
The involvement of CCCM practice in community and stakeholder engagement places CCCM practitioners in an advantageous position to provide women with information and training on HLP and tenure security rights and regulatory frameworks, help establish women’s coordination networks and support systems, and identify pathways for women to claim their rights, resolve disputes, and seek justice for HLP and tenure security rights violations. The resources and tools provided in this section focus on improving women’s participation in camp management, conducting gender-mainstreamed context analyses, integrating GBV interventions, identifying different gender needs in tenure security, establishing women’s coordination networks to empower women in playing an active role in addressing HLP rights and tenure security issues.
Tools
Context
The Gender Mainstreaming Tip Sheet can be used in the project design phase of CCCM projects to address gender equality. It provides a concise overview of entry points for including gender-responsive strategies. While focused on shelter projects, the phases of project design are applicable to CCCM projects and programming.
Summary
The three entry points in project design identified as being key for addressing gender equality are 1) project background/ needs assessment 2) activities, and 3) outcomes. The chart provided in the toolkit includes examples of how to bring gender in at each stage, with the aim to result in fully mainstreamed projects.
The needs assessment phase should include a specific gender analysis to understand at the beginning the social and gender dynamics that could impact camp management practices and delivery of services.
The chart provides examples of questions to answer in the gender analysis. The analysis conducted in the needs assessment should identify gender disparities and areas in need of gender-responsive activities. The tip sheet provides an example of gender-specific issues and possible response activities to address them.
The outcomes section provides guidance on using gender-specific language for outcome statements to ensure that any difference in outcomes for males and females is visible and that monitoring and accountability for project impacts take these differences into account. Examples of gender outcome statements are provided along with explanations of why the language used is important. Brief examples of targeted actions to address gender-based violence and inequality are also provided.
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Context
This questionnaire is intended to solicit information from states, local authorities, civil society, and other stakeholders about the state of women’s access to housing and land services in a country. These questions could be used as guidance for CCCM practitioners conducting an HLP assessment or engaging with local authorities to understand the HLP context for women.
Summary
The questionnaire is divided into two parts: the general legal and policy frameworks and a set of questions inquiring about specific elements of the right to adequate housing/land.
The first set of questions is focused on understanding existing legal and policy frameworks that either ensure women’s access to housing, inhibit women’s access to housing, impact gender equality/particularly vulnerable groups, and ask for examples of how these frameworks impact women. The questions also aim to gain an understanding of how historical cultural, religious, and traditional factors impact equal access of women to housing and land-related services. This set of questions can be used as guiding questions to comprehensively gain a broad understanding of the HLP landscape for women at the legal and policy level.
The second set of questions is focused on gaining information about the following specific elements as they pertain to women: legal security of tenure, access to public goods and services, access to natural resources, affordability, habitability, physical accessibility, location, cultural adequacy, freedom from dispossession/destruction, access to information, participation, resettlement and restitution, privacy and security, access to remedies, education and empowerment, and freedom from GBV. Explanations for why each topic is important and a sample question to gain specific information about each topic is provided.
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Context
This document provides a framework of multi-stage methodologies and strategies for developing gender-responsive land tools that promote equal tenure security for women and men in both the urban and rural sectors. The methodologies and strategies are scalable and focused on a multi-stakeholder approach. This framework for gendering land tools is useful for CCCM practitioners engaging with HLP programming, land management, and administration, or working on advocacy for gender-responsive land-management practices with local actors.
Summary
The objective of this mechanism is to provide equitable land governance models that can be adapted to different contexts and to specific objectives. It is comprised of eight different components:
- Create a gender-responsive environment: Guidance on gender mainstreaming and establishing conceptual clarity in different cultural contexts
- Review gendered land issues: Guidance on identifying women’s property issues, using sex-disaggregated data, and understanding the legal context.
- Determine objectives through gendered land analysis: Guidance on content that should be included in a gendered land analysis and gender dimensions required in a land analysis
- Establish a framework of principles, values, and priorities: Guidance on engaging with different models of land governance
- Take inventory of gendered tools: Guidance on documentation, auditing tools for monitoring and learning, and information sharing
- Piloting and scaling up: Guidance on piloting land tools and scaling up community tools
- Evaluate gendered tools: Information on what the evaluation criteria should entail, and different methods of evaluation
- Improve land governance: Opportunities for stakeholder participation, using gendered land tools for advocacy, and training and capacity building
A table briefly describing the associated activities for each component is provided.
Additionally, a table detailing 13 strategies for implementing gendered land tools, with corresponding objectives and example outputs/activities is provided.
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Context
The questionnaire is intended to be used to inform the design of a gender-sensitive HLP assessment.
Summary
The questionnaire can be adapted as necessary to fit local/regional/national contexts and types of interviewees. The questions are divided into different phases of displacement with the acknowledgment that these phases overlap in reality. The questions are clustered under the following phases:
- HLP Situation During Emergencies/Protracted Displacement: Understanding existing laws/rules that regulate tenure arrangements that affect women’s health and livelihood, barriers for displaced women-headed households (WHH), representation in tenure arrangements, and how other sectors are addressing women’s tenure rights.
- HLP Situation in Area of Origin: Familial gender roles and responsibilities surrounding land and tenure, community understandings of ownership, customary/national laws affecting women’s tenure/ownership, matrimonial and inheritance laws.
- HLP Issues in Context of Return and Reintegration: Existing mechanisms for restitution/compensation for dispossession and how processes are facilitated for women, how conflicts/disputes over HLP and natural resources are resolved/managed, and what kind of disputes are disproportionately affecting women.
Context
The guide is intended to be used to support displaced women in developing strong networks that will enable them to leverage additional support and services for their communities and link women to service providers. This could be used by CCCM practitioners to help women access resources and find options to navigate and resolve HLP and tenure security disputes, especially after camp or collective center closure, have more bargaining power in their tenure situations, and build a support system to improve resiliency after camp or collective center closure, or in the event of an eviction.
Summary
The Women’s Coordination Network (WCN) supports and facilitates women in connecting with other women from the community, NGOs, authorities, private businesses, and/or voluntary groups. The primary goals for a WCN are to achieve the following:
- Expand the number of influential stakeholders women have access to;
- Increase women’s collective and individual confidence;
- Enhance women’s participation in and influence on public life;
- Improve women’s ability to solve problems and generate positive outcomes for their families and communities.
The guide includes an explanation of the role of the supporting agency in supporting the establishment of a WCN. The fourth part of the guide provides a useful diagram detailing the 5 key steps to establishing a WCN on a 6–24-month timeline. Tips for each step are also included. Part five outlines the suggested participants in the WCN, highlighting the need for stakeholder mapping. Part six provides a suggested work plan timeline for arranging workshops and capacity building/training sessions on a six-month timeline. Part seven explains the importance of connecting the local authorities with the WCN if it is possible. The final section, Part 8, discusses the exit strategy and emphasizes the need for the supporting agency to make clear from the beginning that the support is time-bound. Examples of questions and key considerations are provided.
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Resources
| Title | Date | resource |
|---|---|---|
| Guidelines for integrating gender-based violence interventions in humanitarian action | 2015 | View resource |
| Women's role in coordination: improving the participation and protection of displaced women in camps, informal sites, and out of camp urban neighborhoods | 2019 | View resource |
| Improving participation and protection of displaced women and girls through camp management practices | 2020 | View resource |