South Sudan

Overview

Since December 2013, South Sudan has experienced intermittent civil war and intercommunal and localised violence. This environment has resulted in widespread insecurity, large-scale internal displacement, increased refugee outflow to Sudan and Uganda, and deteriorating food security. As at January 2021, 8.3 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance.?

The latest peace agreement in South Sudan – the Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan – was signed in 2018. The agreement has led to a fragile truce and resulted in the formation of the Transitional Government of National Unity in February 2020. While hostility between the Government and the main opposition has decreased, localised violence has surged because of conflict over land and resources, cattle raiding, and reprisal attacks.?

The surge in intercommunal violence throughout South Sudan affected more civilians in 2020 than in 2019. There were 5,800 victims of killing, injury, abduction, and conflict-related sexual violence in 2020 – an increase from the 2,631 victims reported in 2019. In 2020, Jonglei state and the Greater Pibor Administrative Area were most affected by conflict, accounting for 33% of the total civilian victims. The compounded effects of intercommunal violence and floods in these areas affected 528,000 people and displaced at least 147,000 people as at the end of 2020.?

Since 2013, nearly four million people have been displaced, including 1.6 million IDPs and 2.2 million South Sudanese refugees. South Sudan hosts about 319,000 refugees from Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, and the Central African Republic.?

INFORM estimates South Sudan's humanitarian crisis and disaster risk for 2021 to be very high, at 8.4/10. The lack of coping capacity is estimated at 9.4/10, and vulnerability is estimated at 8.7/10. ?

Latest Developments

01/09: Heavy rains that began in May have caused flooding and overflow of the Nile, Lol and Sobat rivers. At least 380,000 people have been affected by flooding in six states, with Jonglei and Unity states most affected. An additional 100,000 people are still displaced from flooding in 2020, sheltering in Bor and Mangalla IDP camps, and in Mingkaman. Two consecutive years of flooding have disrupted planting (May-July), with some areas remaining  submerged for a year or longer. Livelihoods of farmers and herders have been disrupted, and the population's coping capacity is diminishing. Food, shelter, NFIs, WASH services, health and nutrition services, protection, and livelihood support are needed. Access constraints include flooded and inaccessible roads, making air transport necessary for aid delivery, and violence in some of the flood affected areas, such as Warrap state.?